Region of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon. The 3′-UTR often contains regulatory regions that influence gene expression post-transcriptionally.

A protein that binds to a specific DNA sequence and regulates gene expression by promoting or suppressing transcription. Transcription factors bind to either promoter or enhancer regions adjacent to the genes that they regulate.

The set of all RNA transcripts, including coding and non-coding, in an individual or a population of cells.